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J Chem Ecol

Title:		Identification of volatiles from the secretions and excretions of African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)
Author(s):		Apps P; Mmualefe L; McNutt JW;
Address:		"Paul G Allen Family Foundation Laboratory for Wildlife Chemistry, Botswana Predator Conservation Trust, Private Bag 13, Maun, Botswana. peterjapps@gmail.com"
Journal Title:		J Chem Ecol
Year:		2012
Volume:		20121106
Issue:		11
Page Number:		1450 - 1461
DOI:		10.1007/s10886-012-0206-7
ISSN/ISBN:		1573-1561 (Electronic) 0098-0331 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to identify 103 organic compounds from urine, feces, anal glands, and preputial glands of free-ranging African wild dogs, Lycaon pictus. Aliphatic acids were the dominant class of compound in all materials. In addition to aliphatic acids, urine contained dimethyl sulfone, 1,3-propanediol, benzoic acid, 1-methyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione, and squalene as major components: feces contained indole and cholesterol; and both contained 2-piperidone, phenol, 4-methyl phenol, benzeneacetic acid, and benzenepropanoic acid and other compounds. Anal gland secretion was particularly rich in cholesterol and fatty acids, and preputial gland secretion rich in squalene. A large majority of the identified compounds have been reported from other mammals, including species sympatric with African wild dogs. Eleven of the African wild dog components have not been reported previously from mammals and have not been found in sympatric species; one component, 1-methylimidazole-5-carboxaldehyde has not been reported previously as a natural product. In the chemical profiles of their urine, feces, and anal gland secretion African wild dogs differ markedly from other canids"
Keywords:		"Africa Animals Animals, Wild Canidae/*metabolism Feces/chemistry Female Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Male Perianal Glands/chemistry Pheromones/chemistry Volatile Organic Compounds/*chemistry/urine;"
Notes:		"MedlineApps, Peter Mmualefe, Lesego McNutt, J Weldon eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2012/11/07 J Chem Ecol. 2012 Nov; 38(11):1450-61. doi: 10.1007/s10886-012-0206-7. Epub 2012 Nov 6"