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BMC Cancer

Title:		A non-invasive tool for detecting cervical cancer odor by trained scent dogs
Author(s):		Guerrero-Flores H; Apresa-Garcia T; Garay-Villar O; Sanchez-Perez A; Flores-Villegas D; Bandera-Calderon A; Garcia-Palacios R; Rojas-Sanchez T; Romero-Morelos P; Sanchez-Albor V; Mata O; Arana-Conejo V; Badillo-Romero J; Taniguchi K; Marrero-Rodriguez D; Mendoza-Rodriguez M; Rodriguez-Esquivel M; Huerta-Padilla V; Martinez-Castillo A; Hernandez-Gallardo I; Lopez-Romero R; Bandala C; Rosales-Guevara J; Salcedo M;
Address:		"Coordinacion de Prevencion y Atencion a la Salud, Delegacion Sur (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social) IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico. Laboratorio de Oncologia Genomica, Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Enfermedades Oncologicas, UMAE Hospital de Oncologia, CMN- SXXI-IMSS, Av. Cuauhtemoc 330, Col. Doctores, Del. Cuauhtemoc, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico. Servicio de Braquiterapia, UMAE Hospital de Oncologia, CMN-SXXI-IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico. PEC de Mexico, S.A. de C.V., Mexico City, Mexico. Servicio de Oncologia, Hospital General de Zona y de Medicina Familiar No. 5, IMSS, Taxco, Guerrero, Mexico. Clinica de la Mujer y Medicina Perinatal, Col. Roma Norte, Mexico City, Mexico. Centro Colposcopico de Docencia e Investigacion, A.C., Mexico, City, Mexico. Departamento de Anatomia Patologica, Hospital General de Zona Troncoso, Mexico City, Mexico. Division de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitacion (INR), Secretaria de Salud (S.S.), Mexico City, Mexico. Facultad de Quimica, Universidad La Salle, Mexico City, Mexico. Laboratorio de Oncologia Genomica, Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Enfermedades Oncologicas, UMAE Hospital de Oncologia, CMN- SXXI-IMSS, Av. Cuauhtemoc 330, Col. Doctores, Del. Cuauhtemoc, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico. maosal89@yahoo.com"
Journal Title:		BMC Cancer
Year:		2017
Volume:		20170126
Issue:		1
Page Number:		79 -
DOI:		10.1186/s12885-016-2996-4
ISSN/ISBN:		1471-2407 (Electronic) 1471-2407 (Linking)
Abstract:		"BACKGROUND: Cervical Cancer (CC) has become a public health concern of alarming proportions in many developing countries such as Mexico, particularly in low income sectors and marginalized regions. As such, an early detection is a key medical factor in improving not only their population's quality of life but also its life expectancy. Interestingly, there has been an increase in the number of reports describing successful attempts at detecting cancer cells in human tissues or fluids using trained (sniffer) dogs. The great odor detection threshold exhibited by dogs is not unheard of. However, this represented a potential opportunity to develop an affordable, accessible, and non-invasive method for detection of CC. METHODS: Using clicker training, a male beagle was trained to recognize CC odor. During training, fresh CC biopsies were used as a reference point. Other samples used included cervical smears on glass slides and medical surgical bandages used as intimate sanitary pads by CC patients. A double-blind procedure was exercised when testing the beagle's ability to discriminate CC from control samples. RESULTS: The beagle was proven able to detect CC-specific volatile organic compounds (VOC) contained in both fresh cervical smear samples and adsorbent material samples. Beagle's success rate at detecting and discriminating CC and non-CC odors, as indicated by specificity and sensitivity values recorded during the experiment, stood at an overall high (>90%). CC-related VOC in adsorbent materials were detectable after only eight hours of use by CC patients. CONCLUSION: Present data suggests different applications for VOC from the uterine cervix to be used in the detection and diagnosis of CC. Furthermore, data supports the use of trained dogs as a viable, affordable, non-invasive and, therefore, highly relevant alternative method for detection of CC lesions. Additional benefits of this method include its quick turnaround time and ease of use while remaining highly accurate and robust"
Keywords:		"Animals Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism Dogs Double-Blind Method Early Detection of Cancer Female Humans Male Odorants Sensitivity and Specificity Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*diagnosis/metabolism;"
Notes:		"MedlineGuerrero-Flores, Hector Apresa-Garcia, Teresa Garay-Villar, Onix Sanchez-Perez, Alejandro Flores-Villegas, David Bandera-Calderon, Artfy Garcia-Palacios, Raul Rojas-Sanchez, Teresita Romero-Morelos, Pablo Sanchez-Albor, Veronica Mata, Osvaldo Arana-Conejo, Victor Badillo-Romero, Jesus Taniguchi, Keiko Marrero-Rodriguez, Daniel Mendoza-Rodriguez, Monica Rodriguez-Esquivel, Miriam Huerta-Padilla, Victor Martinez-Castillo, Andrea Hernandez-Gallardo, Irma Lopez-Romero, Ricardo Bandala, Cindy Rosales-Guevara, Juan Salcedo, Mauricio eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2017/01/27 BMC Cancer. 2017 Jan 26; 17(1):79. doi: 10.1186/s12885-016-2996-4"