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JAMA Netw Open

Title:		Comparison of Nicotine and Toxicant Exposure in Users of Electronic Cigarettes and Combustible Cigarettes
Author(s):		Goniewicz ML; Smith DM; Edwards KC; Blount BC; Caldwell KL; Feng J; Wang L; Christensen C; Ambrose B; Borek N; van Bemmel D; Konkel K; Erives G; Stanton CA; Lambert E; Kimmel HL; Hatsukami D; Hecht SS; Niaura RS; Travers M; Lawrence C; Hyland AJ;
Address:		"Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York. Westat, Rockville, Maryland. Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland. National Institute of Drug Abuse, Bethesda, Maryland. Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. The Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies, Truth Initiative, Washington, DC"
Journal Title:		JAMA Netw Open
Year:		2018
Volume:		20181207
Issue:		8
Page Number:		e185937 -
DOI:		10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.5937
ISSN/ISBN:		2574-3805 (Electronic) 2574-3805 (Linking)
Abstract:		"IMPORTANCE: Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is increasing. Measures of exposure to known tobacco-related toxicants among e-cigarette users will inform potential health risks to individual product users. OBJECTIVES: To estimate concentrations of tobacco-related toxicants among e-cigarette users and compare these biomarker concentrations with those observed in combustible cigarette users, dual users, and never tobacco users. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A population-based, longitudinal cohort study was conducted in the United States in 2013-2014. Cross-sectional analysis was performed between November 4, 2016, and October 5, 2017, of biomarkers of exposure to tobacco-related toxicants collected by the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Participants included adults who provided a urine sample and data on tobacco use (N = 5105). EXPOSURES: The primary exposure was tobacco use, including current exclusive e-cigarette users (n = 247), current exclusive cigarette smokers (n = 2411), and users of both products (dual users) (n = 792) compared with never tobacco users (n = 1655). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Geometric mean concentrations of 50 individual biomarkers from 5 major classes of tobacco product constituents were measured: nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). RESULTS: Of the 5105 participants, most were aged 35 to 54 years (weighted percentage, 38%; 95% CI, 35%-40%), women (60%; 95% CI, 59%-62%), and non-Hispanic white (61%; 95% CI, 58%-64%). Compared with exclusive e-cigarette users, never users had 19% to 81% significantly lower concentrations of biomarkers of exposure to nicotine, TSNAs, some metals (eg, cadmium and lead), and some VOCs (including acrylonitrile). Exclusive e-cigarette users showed 10% to 98% significantly lower concentrations of biomarkers of exposure, including TSNAs, PAHs, most VOCs, and nicotine, compared with exclusive cigarette smokers; concentrations were comparable for metals and 3 VOCs. Exclusive cigarette users showed 10% to 36% lower concentrations of several biomarkers than dual users. Frequency of cigarette use among dual users was positively correlated with nicotine and toxicant exposure. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Exclusive use of e-cigarettes appears to result in measurable exposure to known tobacco-related toxicants, generally at lower levels than cigarette smoking. Toxicant exposure is greatest among dual users, and frequency of combustible cigarette use is positively correlated with tobacco toxicant concentration. These findings provide evidence that using combusted tobacco cigarettes alone or in combination with e-cigarettes is associated with higher concentrations of potentially harmful tobacco constituents in comparison with using e-cigarettes alone"
Keywords:		Adult Biomarkers/urine Cross-Sectional Studies Female Humans Inhalation Exposure/*analysis Male Metals/urine Middle Aged Nicotine/*urine Nitrosamines/*urine Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/urine *Smoking/epidemiology/urine United States/epidemiology *Vap;
Notes:		"MedlineGoniewicz, Maciej L Smith, Danielle M Edwards, Kathryn C Blount, Benjamin C Caldwell, Kathleen L Feng, Jun Wang, Lanqing Christensen, Carol Ambrose, Bridget Borek, Nicolette van Bemmel, Dana Konkel, Karen Erives, Gladys Stanton, Cassandra A Lambert, Elizabeth Kimmel, Heather L Hatsukami, Dorothy Hecht, Stephen S Niaura, Raymond S Travers, Mark Lawrence, Charles Hyland, Andrew J eng HHSN271201100027C/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ HHSN271201600001C/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. 2019/01/16 JAMA Netw Open. 2018 Dec 7; 1(8):e185937. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.5937"