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« Previous SpeciesMelanophryniscus stelzneri montevidensis    Next SpeciesMelanoplus bivittatus »

Semiochemicals of Melanophryniscus stelzneri, the Yellow and black walking toad

Phylum:  Chordata
Subphylum:  Vertebrata
Class:  Amphibia
Order:  Anura
Family:  Bufonidae
Subfamily:  Bufoninae
Genus:  Melanophryniscus
Tribe:  
Author:  Weyenberg
�
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Image: Google
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Biology: Google
Distribution: Google
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Bedoukain RussellIPM

Semiochemical(s):

  Daly JW  2007  J. Chem. Ecol.  33: 871   
    251D    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Argentina 
    cis-223F    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    trans-223F    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    cis-249D    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    trans-249D    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    trans-249E    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    cis-275B    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    trans-223B    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    cis-223H    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    trans-251K    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    Z5E9-223AB    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    E5Z9-195B    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    Z5E9-195B    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    E5Z9-223AB    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    Z5Z9-195B    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    E5E9-195B    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    207A    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    259B    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    235E    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    precoccinelline    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
 
  Saporito RA  2003  J. Chem. Ecol.  29: 2781   
    236    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Argentina 
 
  Garraffo HM  1993a  J. Nat. Prod.  56: 357   
    cis-223F    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Urdoba, Argentina 
    trans-223F    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    cis-249D    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    251D    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    E5Z9-195B    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    Z5E9-195B    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    259B    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    cis-223B    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    cis-251K    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    trans-251K    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    235E'    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    193A    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    236    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    trans-249D    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    trans-249E    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    cis-275B    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    E5E9-195B    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    207A''    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    Z5Z9-223AB    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    E5Z9-223AB    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    E5E9-223AB    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    trans-223B    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    cis-223H    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    235I    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    219G    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
 

Reference(s):

Daly, J.W., Wilham, J.M., Spande, T.F., Garraffo, H.M., Gil, R.R., Silva, G.L., and Vaira, M. 2007. Alkaloids in bufonid toads (Melanophryniscus): temporal and geographic determinants for two argentinian species. J. Chem. Ecol. 33:871-887.
 
Saporito, R.A., Donnelly, M.A., Hoffman, R.L., Garraffo, H.M., and Daly, J.W. 2003. A siphonotid millipede (Rhinotus) as the source of spiropyrrolizidine oximes of dendrobatid frogs. J. Chem. Ecol. 29:2781-2786.
 
Garraffo, H.M., Spande, T.F., Daly, J.W., Baldessari, A., and Gros, E.G. 1993a. Alkaloids from bufonid toads (Melanophryniscus): decahydroquinolines, pumiliotoxins and homopumiliotoxins, indolizidines, pyrrolizidines, and quinolizidines. J. Nat. Prod. 56:357-373.
 
 
Citation: El-Sayed AM 2025. The Pherobase: Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. <http://www.pherobase.com>.
Ⓒ 2003-2025 The Pherobase - Extensive Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. Ashraf M. El-Sayed.
Page created on 19-January-2025