Pheromones and Semiochemicals of Danaus plexippus (Lepidoptera: Danaidae), the Monarch butterfly

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Semiochemicals of Danaus plexippus, the Monarch butterfly

Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Uniramia
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Danaidae
Subfamily:	Danainae
Genus:	Danaus
Tribe:	Danaini
Author:	Linnaeus

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Semiochemical(s):

Edgar JA

1976b

Experientia

32:

1535

seneciphylline

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

P �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Hairpencil

senecionine

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

rosmarinine

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

heliotrine

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

monocrotaline

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Bellas TE

1974a

Tetrahedron

30:

2267

benzyl hexanoate

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

P �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

M �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Hairpencil

1me5me5me9me-10-oxabicyclo-3-decen-2Kt

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

2me2me6me8me-7-oxabicyclo-4-decen-3Kt

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Meinwald J

1969b

J. Chem. Soc. D. Chem. Comm.

1969:

E2E6-3me7me-10Acid

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

P �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

M �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Meinwald J

1968a

Tetrahedron Lett.

4893

E2E6-10-hydroxy-3me7me-10Acid

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

P �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

M �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Hairpencil

Reference(s):

Edgar, J.A., Cockrum, P.A., and Frahn, J.L. 1976b. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Danaus plexippus L. and Danaus chrysippus L. Experientia. 32:1535-1537.

Bellas, T.E., Brownlee, R.G., and Silverstein, R.M. 1974a. Isolation, tentative identification, and synthesis studies of the volatile components of the hairpencil secretion of the monarch butterfly. Tetrahedron. 30:2267-2271.

Meinwald, J., Chalmers, A.M., Pliske, T.E., and Eisner, T. 1969b. Identification and synthesis of trans, trans-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-decadien-1,10-dioic acid, a component of the pheromonal secretion of the male monarch butterfly. J. Chem. Soc. D. Chem. Comm. 1969:86-87.

Meinwald, J., Chalmers, A.M., Pliske, T.E., and Eisner, T. 1968a. Pheromones. III. Identification of trans, trans-10-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-decadienoic acid as a major component in "hairpencil" secretion of the male monarch butterfly. Tetrahedron Lett. 9:4893-4896.

Citation: El-Sayed AM 2024. The Pherobase: Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. <http://www.pherobase.com>.
Ⓒ 2003-2024 The Pherobase - Extensive Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. Ashraf M. El-Sayed.
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