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« Previous GenusCichlasoma    Next GenusCiconia »

Semiochemicals of Genus Cicindela

Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Uniramia
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Family: Cicindelidae
Subfamily: Cicindelinae
Tribe: Cicindelini
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Bedoukain RussellIPM

Semiochemical(s):

Cicindela abdominalis Fabricius
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    4.7 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela andrewesi Horn
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela angulata Fabricius
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela assamensis Parry
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela auraria euryscopa Bates
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    328 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela aurofasciata Dejean
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela belfragei Salle
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela bicolor Fabricius
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela bigemina Klug
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela blanda Dejean
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    3.79 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela californica brevihamata Horn
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    8.35 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela californica mojavi Cazier
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    1.45 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela californica pseudoerronea Rumpp
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    1.25 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela calligramma Schaum
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela cancellata Dejean
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela cardoni Fleutiaux
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela carthagena carthagena Dejean
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    8.99 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela catena Fabricius
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela celeripes LeConte
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela chloris Hope
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela circumpicta LaFert�-S�nect�re
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela circumpicta circumpicta LaFert�-S�nect�re
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    7.86 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela circumpicta johnsoni Fitch
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    1.68 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela cuprascens LeConte
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    3.3 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela denverensis Casey
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    2.67 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela depressula Casey
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela dorsalis media LeConte
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    1.07 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela dorsalis saulcyi Gu�rin
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    725 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela dorsalis venusta LaFert�-S�nect�re
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    918 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela duodecimguttata Dejean
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela duponti Dejean
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela erudita Wiedemann
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela fabriciana Horn
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela fastidiosa Dejean
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela flexuosa Fabricius
 
               Hefetz A  1984b  Experientia  40: 539   
    14Ac    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
    16Ac    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
 
 
Cicindela formosa formosa Dejean
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    8.32 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela formosa generosa Dejean
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela formosa generosa Say
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    2.9 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela formosa manitoba Leng
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela fowleri Heynes-Wood & Dover
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela fulgida Say
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela fulgoris albilata Acciavatti
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    1.35 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela fulgoris erronea Vaurie
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    1.68 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela fulgoris fulgoris Casey
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    331 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela gabbi Horn
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    136 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela grammophora Chaudoir
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela haemorragica haemorragica LeConte
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    20.37 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela haemorrhagica LeConte
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
    14Ac    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    benzoic acid    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    13Hy    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
    15Hy    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
 
 
Cicindela hamata Audouin & Brull�
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela hamata monti Vaurie
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    8.42 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela hamiltoniana Thomson
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela hirticollis hirticollis Say
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    5.81 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela hirtilabris LeConte
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    1.23 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela horni Schaupp
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela intermedia Chaudoir
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela lemniscata LeConte
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela lemniscata lemniscata LeConte
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    4.06 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela lengi Horn
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela lepida Dejean
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    5.56 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela limbata Say
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela macra LeConte
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela macrocnema macrocnema Chaudoir
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    497 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela marginata Fabricius
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    4.32 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela marutha Dow
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    2.91 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    16Ac    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela melancholica Fabricius
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela minuta Olivier
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela motschulskyana Horn
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela multiguttata Dejean
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela nevadica LeConte
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela nevadica nevadica LeConte
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    1.75 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela nevadica olmosa Vaurie
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    4.27 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela nigrocoerulea LeConte
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
    14Ac    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
 
 
Cicindela obsoleta Say
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela ocellata ocellata Klug
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela ocellata rectilatera Chaudoir
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    35.55 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela oregona LeConte
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela oregona maricopa Leng
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    9.51 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela pamphila LeConte
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    2.12 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela pimeriana LeConte
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela politula politula LeConte
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    5.41 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela pulchra Say
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela punctulata chihuahuae Bates
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
    14Ac    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
 
 
Cicindela punctulata punctulata Olivier
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    1.63 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela purpurea Olivier
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela repanda Dejean
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela repanda repanda Dejean
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    17.5 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela rockefelleri Cazier
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    836 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela rufiventris Dejean
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela rugosiceps Chaudoir
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela schauppii Horn
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela scutellaris lecontei Haldeman
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    4.59 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela scutellaris rugifrons Dejean
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela sedecimpunctata Klug
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
    iridodial    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�    
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		 
 
 
Cicindela severa LaFert�-S�nect�re
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela severa severa LaFert�-S�nect�re
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    5.73 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela severini Horn
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela sexguttata Fabricius
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    4.67 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    iridodial    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela sinaloae sinaloae Bates
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    3.56 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela sperata sperata LeConte
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    6.94 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela splendida Hentz
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    3.1 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela striatifrons Chaudoir
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela striga LeConte
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    996 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela striolata Illiger
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela sumatrensis Herbst
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela tenuisignata LeConte
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    2.87 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela togata fascinans Casey
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    581 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela togata globicollis Casey
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela togata togata LaFert�-S�nect�re
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    80 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela tranquebarica Herbst
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela tranquebarica moapana Casey
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    1.48 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela trifasciata ascendens LeConte
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    32.1 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela venosa Kollar
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela virgula Fleutiaux
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela wapleri LeConte
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    3.01 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela westermanni Schaum
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Cicindela wickhami Horn
 
               Kelley KC  1998  J. Chem. Ecol.  24: 451   
    benzaldehyde    1.33 �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   Al
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
   		ng
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Defense substance 
 
 
Cicindela willistoni LeConte
 
               Pearson DL  1988  Am. Naturalist  132: 404   
    benzaldehyde    �Relative ratio of the component�   �(*) indicates that compound is active�   P
�Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone�
  
�Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker�
  
�Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram�
   		Pygidial gland 
 
 
Reference(s):

Kelley, K.C., and Schilling, A.B. 1998. Quantitative variation in chemical defense within and among subgenera of Cicindela. J. Chem. Ecol. 24:451-472.
 
Pearson, D.L., Blum, M.S., Jones, T.H., Fales, H.M., Gonda, E., and White, B.R. 1988. Historical perspective and the interpretation of ecological patterns: defensive compounds of tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Am. Naturalist. 132:404-416.
 
Hefetz, A., Lloyd, H.A., and Valdenberg, A. 1984b. The defensive secretion of the tiger beetle Cicindela flexuosa (F.) (Cicindelinae; Carabidae). Experientia. 40:539-540.
 

 
Citation: El-Sayed AM 2025. The Pherobase: Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. <http://www.pherobase.com>.
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