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Application of semiochemicals to control Cydia pomonella, the Codling moth
Lure and kill
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Germany
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Reference(s)
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Losel, P.M., Penners, G., Potting, R.P.J., Ebbinghaus, D., Elbert, A., and Scherkenbeck, J. 2000. Laboratory and field experiments towards the development of an attract and kill strategy for the control of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella. Entomol. Exp.
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Losel, P.M., Potting, R.P.J., Ebbinghaus, D., and Scherkenbeck, J. 2002. Factors affecting the field performance of an attracticide against the codling moth Cydia pomonella. Pest Manage. Sci. 58:1029-1037.
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Italy
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Reference(s)
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Alma, A., Arzone, A., Galliano, A., and Vittone, F. 2001. "Attract and kill" a new IPM method in apple orchards against Cydia pomonella (L.). Bull. OILB-SROP. 24:139-143.
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Angeli, G., Berti, M., Maines, R., and Ioriatti, C. 2003. Control of Cydia pomonella (L.) and Cydia molesta (Busck) by false trail following and attract & kill techniques. Inf. Fitopatol. 53:45-50.
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Angeli, G., Ioriatti, C., and Finato, S. 2000. A new method for the control of codling moth. Inf. Agrar. 56:63-66.
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Ioriatti, C., Angeli, G., Mazomenos, B., and Konstantopoulou, M. Control of codling moth by attract and kill. Bull. OILB-SROP. 25:129-136.
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Trematerra, P., Sciarretta, A., and Tamasi, E. 1999. Control of codling moth, Cydia pomonella, with an attracticide (attract and kill) method. Inf. Fitopatol. 49:41-44.
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Poland
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Reference(s)
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Ebbinghaus, D., Losel, P.M., Romeis, J., Cianciulli-Teller, M.G., Leusch, H., Olszak, R., Pluciennik, Z., and Scherkenbeck, J. 2001. Appeal: efficacy and mode of action of attract and kill for codling moth control. Bull. OILB-SROP. 24:95-99.
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Puciennik, Z., Olszak, R.W., and Tworkowska, U. 2002. "Attract and kill" as control method of codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) in home gardens and allotments. J. Fruit Orn. Plant Res. 10:173-176.
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Switzerland
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Reference(s)
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Charmillot, P.J., Hofer, D., and Pasquier, D. 2000. Attract and kill: a new method for control of the codling moth Cydia pomonella. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 94:211-216.
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Charmillot, P.J., Pasquier, D., Scalco, A., and Hofer, D. 1998. Control of codling moth Cydia pomonella L. by an attract and kill technique. Rev. Suisse Vitic. Arboric. 29:111-117.
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USA
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Reference(s)
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Knight, A.L. 2003. Testing an attracticide hollow fibre formulation for control of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). J. Entomol. Soc. B.C. 100:71-78.
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Knight, A.L., Potting, R.P.J., Light, D., and DeJong, T.M. 2002. Modeling the impact of a sex pheromone/kairomone attracticide for management of codling moth (Cydia pomonella). Acta Horticulturae. 584:215-220.
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Krupke, C.H., Roitberg, B.D., and Judd, G.J.R. 2002. Field and laboratory responses of male codling moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) to a pheromone-based attract-and-kill strategy. Environ. Entomol. 31:189-197.
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Mass trapping
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Estonia
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Reference(s)
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Mottus, E., Liblikas, I., Williams, I.H., Kuusik, S., Laanmaa, M., Nilson, A., and Nomm, V. 1996. Performance of Cydia pomonella, Argyresthia conjugella, Plutella xylostella, and Archips podana attractant dispensers in Estonia. Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci.,
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India
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Reference(s)
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Pawar, A.D., and Tuhan, N.C. 1985. Codling moth (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae) - suppression by male removal with sex pheromone traps in Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir. Indian J. Entomol. 47:226-229.
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Romania
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Reference(s)
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Ghizdavu, I. 1984. Investigations on the control of codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella L., by means of the specific sex pheromone. Bul. Prot. Plant. 3:7-14.
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Turkey
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Reference(s)
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Kilic, M., Avci, U., Kahveci, Y., and Erdem, B. 1999. Research on the application possibilities of mass trapping methods against codling moth [(Cydia pomonella L.) (Lep.:Tortricidae)] in the Black Sea region. Bitki Koruma Bul. 39:45-55.
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USA
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Reference(s)
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Gut, L.J., Brunner, J.F., and Knight, A. 1992. Mating disruption as a control for codling moth and leafrollers. Good Fruit Grower. 43:56-60.
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Maitlen, J.C., McDonough, L.M., Moffitt, H.R., and George, D.A. 1976. Codling moth sex pheromone: baits for mass trapping and population survey. Environ. Entomol. 5:199-202.
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Mating disruption
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Australia
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Reference(s)
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Galbreath, R.A., Rothschild, G.H.L., and Vickers, R.A. 1982. Preliminary trials on mating disruption of codling moth in S.E. Australia. Insect Phero. Appl.
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Vickers, R. 1993. Controlling codling moth with pheromone. Trees Natural Res. 35:24-25.
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Vickers, R., Thwaite, W.G., Williams, D.G., and Nicholas, A.H. 1993. Control of codling moth in small plots by mating disruption: alone and with limited insecticide. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 86:229-239.
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Austria
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Reference(s)
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Boscheri, S., Paoli, N., Rizzolli, W., and Bradlwarter, M. 1992. Control studies with the mating confusion technique against the codling moth and fruit-peel tortricids. Obstbau Weinbau. 29:271-274.
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Fischer Colbrie, P. 1986. Mating disruption - a possibility for control of codling moth? Besseres Obst. 31:240-241.
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Belgium
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Reference(s)
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Vantieghem, H., Sterk, G., and Neumann, U. 1991. Mating disruption technique against leafrollers (Tortricidae) in apple and pear orchards in Belgium. Meded. Fac. Landbouww. Rijksuniv. 56:295-304.
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Canada
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Reference(s)
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Judd, G.J.R., Gardiner, M.G.T., and Thomson, D.R. 1996. Commercial trials of pheromone-mediated mating disruption with Isomate-CReg. to control codling moth in British Columbia apple and pear orchards. J. Entomol. Soc. B.C. 93:23-34.
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Judd, G.J.R., Gardiner, M.G.T., and Thomson, D.R. 1997. Control of codling moth in organically-managed apple orchards by combining pheromone-mediated mating disruption, post-harvest fruit removal and tree banding. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 83:137-146.
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Trimble, R.M. 1995. Mating disruption for controlling the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in organic apple production in southwestern Ontario. Can. Entomol. 127:493-505.
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Chile
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Reference(s)
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Gonzalez, R.Rh. 1993. Use of sex pheromones for the detection and control of apple codling moth (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Rev. Fruticola. 14:5-13.
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France
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Reference(s)
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Audemard, H. 1986. Biological control of the codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.). Colloq. l'INRA. 34:15-28.
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Audemard, H., and Gendrier, J.P. 1992. Control of the oriental fruit moth (Cydia molesta Busck) by the mating disruption technique and integrated plant protection in peach orchards. Acta Phytopathol. Entomol. Hung. 27:59-64.
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Audemard, H., Beauvais, F., and Descoins, C. 1977. Control of codling moth (Laspeyresia pomonella L.) with a synthetic sex pheromone by the method of male disorientation: first test in a commercial apple orchard. Rev. Zool. Agric. Pathol. Vég. 76:15-24.
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Audemard, H., Leblon, C., Neumann, U., and Marboutie, G. 1989. Evaluation of seven years of control experiments against the Oriental fruit moth Cydia molesta Busck (Lep., Tortricidae) by mating disruption. J. Appl. Entomol. 108:191-207.
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Deschanel, I., and Florac, M. 1996. Sexual confusion for control of codling moth. Phytoma. 482:19-21.
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Klijnstra, J.W., and De Vlieger, J.J. 1997. Codling moth mating disruption field trials with TNO dispensers. Bull. OILB-SROP. 20:163-168.
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Navarro, E., Aymard, J., and Navarro, A. 1995. Sexual confusion. A new control technique against apple and pear codling moth. Phytoma. 478:60-63.
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Germany
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Reference(s)
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Kafka, W.A., and Krieg, W. 1987. Attraction, inhibition and source displacement: field tests on the synergism of pheromone gland constituents with the codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.). Bull. OILB-SROP. 10:51-52.
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Kirchert, J., Hapke, C., and Dickler, E. 2000. Can additives to pheromone enhance their efficiency in mating disruption of codling moth? OILB-SROP. 24:47-53.
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Hungary
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Reference(s)
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Klijnstra, J.W., and De Vlieger, J.J. 1997. Codling moth mating disruption field trials with TNO dispensers. Bull. OILB-SROP. 20:163-168.
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Szanto, J., and Toth, M. 1979. Preliminary air-permeation trial for mating suppression in the codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella (L.) in Hungary. Acta Phytopathol. Acad. Sci. Hung. 14:461-464.
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Israel
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Reference(s)
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Kehat, M., Anshelevich, L., Harel, M., and Dunkelblum, E. 1995. Control of the codling moth (Cydia pomonella) in apple and pear orchards in Israel by mating disruption. Phytoparasitica. 23:285-296.
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Klijnstra, J.W., and De Vlieger, J.J. 1997. Codling moth mating disruption field trials with TNO dispensers. Bull. OILB-SROP. 20:163-168.
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Italy
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Reference(s)
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Angeli, G., Bellinazzo, S., Monta, L.D., Rizzi, C., and Rama, F. 2000. Control of Cydia pomonella L. in walnuts (Juglans regia L.) with mating disruption technique. Atti Gior. Fitopatolog. 20:361-366.
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Boselli, M. 1998. Mating disruption in the control of codling moth: two years of experience in Emilia Romagna region. Atti Gior. Fitopatolog. 251-256.
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Grande, C., Nuccitelli, L., and Gnessi, A. 1992. Defence of an apple orchard from Cydia pomonella using the sexual confusion technique. Inf. Agrar. 48:66-68.
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Ioriatti, C., and Dalla-Serra, A. 1992. Five-year experience with mating disruption as a control method against codling moth and leafroller species in apple orchards of Trentino. Bull. OILB-SROP. 15:88-93.
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Klijnstra, J.W., and De Vlieger, J.J. 1997. Codling moth mating disruption field trials with TNO dispensers. Bull. OILB-SROP. 20:163-168.
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Molinari, F., Cravedi, P., Rama, F., Reggiori, F., Pane, M.D., and Boselli, M. 2000. The control of Cydia molesta in pome fruit orchards using sex pheromones through the method of "Disorientation". Atti Gior. Fitopatolog. 1:333-339.
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Nucifora, A., Calabretta, C., and Vacante, V. 1983. Pheromone traps and confusion method in the control of Cydia pomonella L. in Sicily. Atti XII Congr. Nazion. Ital. Entomol. 2:373-385.
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Rama, F., Loriatti, C., and Rizzi, C. 1997. Mating disruption in the control of codling moth and leafrollers: seven years of experience. Inf. Fitopatol. 47:36-41.
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Sacco, M., and Scaltriti, G.P. 1983. Control test against Cydia pomonella by means of the confusion technique. Inf. Fitopatol. 33:51-56.
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Tasin, M., Ioriatti, C., Rizzi, C., and Monta, L.D. 1998. Overloaded pheromones traps in monitoring Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apple orchards treated with mating disruption. Atti Gior. Fitopatolog. 257-262.
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Trematerra, P., Borserio, E., and Tonesi, R. 1996. Integration of granulosis virus and mating disruption in the control of Cydia pomonella L. Inf. Fitopatol. 46:62-64.
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Trematerra, P., Ioriatti, C., and Michelatti, G. 1994. Mating disruption of Cydia pomonella L. by Check Mate CM dispenser. Inf. Fitopatol. 44:54-58.
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Waldner, W. 1997. Three years of large-scale control of codling moth by mating disruption in the South Tyrol, Italy. Bull. OILB-SROP. 20:35-44.
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Netherlands
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Reference(s)
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Aalbers, P. 2001. Four years of pheromone disruption in Zeeland. Fruitteelt Den Haag. 91:24-25.
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Klijnstra, J.W., and De Vlieger, J.J. 1997. Codling moth mating disruption field trials with TNO dispensers. Bull. OILB-SROP. 20:163-168.
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Romania
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Reference(s)
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Ghizdavu, I. 1984. Investigations on the control of codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella L., by means of the specific sex pheromone. Bul. Prot. Plant. 3:7-14.
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Iacob, M., and Iacob, N. 1987. Control of Grapholitha funebrana L., Grapholitha molesta Busck. and Cydia pomonella L. by the male disruption method. Bull. OILB-SROP. 10:23.
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Russia
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Reference(s)
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Bogdanova, T.P., Sundukova, N.E., Filimonov, G.I., Pyatnova, Y.B., Zavizion, S.Ya., and Sazonov, A.P. 1988. Depressing a codling moth population with inhibitors of the moths' pheromone linkage. Ferom. Nasek. Razr. Put. 69-74.
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Sazonov, A.P., Sundukova, N.E., Filimonov, G.I., Selitskaya, O.G., Vasil'eva, M.O., Pill, M., and Laanmaa, M. 1994. Application of lasperone for reducing the population of the codling moth. Agrokhimiya. 1:91-94.
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South Africa
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Reference(s)
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Klijnstra, J.W., and De Vlieger, J.J. 1997. Codling moth mating disruption field trials with TNO dispensers. Bull. OILB-SROP. 20:163-168.
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Pringle, K.L., Eyles, D.K., and Brown, L. 2003. Trends in codling moth activity in apple orchards under mating disruption using pheromones in the Elgin area, Western Cape Province, South Africa. African Entomol. 11:65-75.
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Spain
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Reference(s)
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De Vlieger, J.J., and Klijnstra, J.W. 1997. Mating disruption of codling moth and fruit tree leafrollers in apple orchards with TNO dispensers. Bull. OILB-SROP. 16:99-103.
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Klijnstra, J.W., and De Vlieger, J.J. 1997. Codling moth mating disruption field trials with TNO dispensers. Bull. OILB-SROP. 20:163-168.
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Minarro, M., and Dapena, E. 2000. Control of Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) by granulosis virus and mating disruption in Asturian apple orchards. Bol. Sanidad Vegetal, Plagas. 26:305-316.
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Sweden
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Reference(s)
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Backman, A.C. 1997. Pheromone release by codling moth females and mating disruption dispensers. Bull. OILB-SROP. 20:175-180.
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Stenmark, A. 1978. An attempt to use pheromone preparations for control of the codling moth (Laspeyresia pomonella L.). Vaxtskyddsnotiser. 42:129-135.
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Witzgall, P., Backman, A.C., Svensson, M., Bengtsson, M., Unelius, C.R., Vrkoc, J., Kirsch, P.A., Ioriatti, C., and Lofqvist, J. 1996. Potential of a blend of E8,E10-120H and E8,E10-12Ac for mating disruption of codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lep., Tor
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Witzgall, P., Backman, A.C., Svensson, M., Koch, U., Rama, F., El Sayed, A., Brauchli, J., Arn, H., Bengtsson, M., and Lofqvist, J. 1999. Behavioral observations of codling moth, Cydia pomonella, in orchards permeated with synthetic pheromone. BioControl.
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Switzerland
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Reference(s)
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Charmillot, P.J. 1978. Reduction of captures of the codling moth (Laspeyresia pomonella L.) by inhibition of the males following diffusion of synthetic sex attractant in the orchard. Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 51:5-12.
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Charmillot, P.J. 1981. Control of Laspeyresia pomonella L. and Adoxophyes orana F.V.R. in orchards by the disruption technique. Mitt. Dtsch. Ges. Allg. Angew. Entomol. 2:298-302.
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Charmillot, P.J. 1987. Some considerations on mating disruption of codling moth Cydia pomonella and summerfruit tortrix moth Adoxophyes orana in apple orchards. Bull. OILB-SROP. 10:11-16.
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Charmillot, P.J., and Bloesch, B. 1987. The mating disruption technique: a control method specific for the tortricid Cydia pomonella L. Rev. Suisse Vitic. Arboric. 19:129-138.
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Charmillot, P.J., Pasquier, D., and Rama, F. 1993. A new pheromone dispenser for mating disruption in orchards. Rev. Suisse Vitic. Arboric. 25:123-128.
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Klijnstra, J.W., and De Vlieger, J.J. 1997. Codling moth mating disruption field trials with TNO dispensers. Bull. OILB-SROP. 20:163-168.
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Mani, E., and Schwaller, F. 1992. Results of 12 years experience to control codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. by mating disruption. Bull. OILB-SROP. 15:76-80.
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Mani, E., Schwaller, F., and Hohn, H. 1992. Control of the codling moth with the mating disruption technique in German-speaking Switzerland. Obst und Weinbau. 132:718-722.
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Mani, E., Schwaller, F., and Riggenbach, W. 1984. Control of the codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) with the confusion method in an orchard in the Upper Rhine Valley; 1979-81. Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 57:341-348.
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Syria
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Reference(s)
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Mansour, M., and Fater, M. 2001. Mating disruption for codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), control in Syrian apple orchards. Polskie Pismo Entomol. 70:151-163.
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Turkey
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Reference(s)
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Hepdurgun, B., Zumreoglu, A., Demir, S.T., and Ibis, M.A. 2001. Early studies on mating disruption technique of codling moth, Cydia pomonella, in the Aegean Region, Turkey. Bull. OILB-SROP. 24:43-46.
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USA
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Reference(s)
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Barnes, M.M., Millar, J.G., Kirsch, P., and Hawks, D.C. 1992. Codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) control by dissemination of synthetic female sex pheromone. J. Econ. Entomol. 85:1274-1277.
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Barrett, B.A. 1995. Effect of synthetic pheromone permeation on captures of male codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in pheromone and virgin female moth-baited traps at different tree heights in small orchard blocks. Environ. Entomol. 24:1201-1206.
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Carde, R.T., Baker, T.C., and Castrovillo, P.J. 1977. Disruption of sexual communication in Laspeyresia pomonella (codling moth), Grapholita molesta (oriental fruit moth) and G. prunivora (lesser appleworm) with hollow fiber attractant sources. Entomol. E
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Curkovic, S.T., and Brunner, J.F. 2003. Assessment of an attracticide formulation to control Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apple orchards in Washington State, USA. Agric. Tecnica. 63:231-239.
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Fernandez, D.E., Beers, E.H., Brunner, J.F., Doerr, M.D., and Dunley, J.E. 2006. Horticultural mineral oil applications for apple powdery mildew and codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) Crop Prot. 25:585.
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Grant, J.A., Bently, W., Pickel, C., and Groh Lowrimore, J. 2003. BIOS approach tested for controlling walnut pests in San Joaquin Valley. California Agric. 57:86-92.
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Hathaway, D.O., McDonough, L.M., George, D.A., and Moffitt, H.R. 1979. Antipheromone of the codling moth: potential for control by air permeation. Environ. Entomol. 8:318-321.
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Hathaway, D.O., Moffitt, H.R., and George, D.A. 1985. Codling moth (Lepid.: Tortricidae): disruption of sexual communication with an antipheromone ((E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol acetate). J. Entomol. Soc. B.C. 82:18-22.
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Howell, J.F., Knight, A.L., Unruh, T.R., Brown, D.F., Krysan, J.L., Sell, C.R., and Kirsch, P.A. 1992. Control of codling moth in apple and pear with sex pheromone-mediated mating disruption. J. Econ. Entomol. 85:912-918.
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Klijnstra, J.W., and De Vlieger, J.J. 1997. Codling moth mating disruption field trials with TNO dispensers. Bull. OILB-SROP. 20:163-168.
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Knight, A.L., and Light, D.M. 2005. Dose-response of codling moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) to ethyl (E, Z)-2,4-decadienoate in apple orchards treated with sex pheromone dispensers. Environ. Entomol. 34:604.
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Knight, A.L., Croft, B.A., and Bloem, K.A. 1999. Effect of mating disruption dispenser placement on trap performance for monitoring codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). J. Entomol. Soc. B.C. 96:95-102.
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Knight, A.L., Hilton, R., and Light, D.M. 2005. Monitoring codling moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) in apple with blends of ethyl (E, Z)-2,4-decadienoate and codlemone. Environ. Entomol. 34:598.
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Knight, A.L., Howell, J.F., McDonough, L.M., and Weiss, M. 1995. Mating disruption of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with polyethylene tube dispensers: determining emission rates and the distribution of fruit injuries. J. Agric. Entomol. 12:85-10
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Kolodny-Hirsch, D.M., and Webb, R.E. 1993. Mating disruption of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) following ground application of high rates of racemic disparlure. J. Econ. Entomol. 86:815-820.
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Kolodny-Hirsch, D.M., Webb, R.E., Olsen, R., and Venables, L. 1989. Mating disruption of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) following repeated ground application of racemic disparlure. J. Econ. Entomol. 83:1972-1976.
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McDonough, L.M., Aller, W.C., and Knight, A.L. 1992. Performance characteristics of a commercial controlled-release dispenser of sex pheromone for control of codling moth (Cydia pomonella) by mating disruption. J. Chem. Ecol. 18:2177-2189.
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McDonough, L.M., Chapman, P.S., Weissling, T.J., and Smithhisler, C.L. 1996. Efficacy of nonpheromone communication disruptants of codling moth (Cydia pomonella): effect of pheromone isomers and of distance between calling females and dispensers. J. Chem.
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Moffitt, H.R., and Westigard, P.H. 1984. Suppression of the codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) population on pears in southern Oregon through mating disruption with sex pheromone. J. Econ. Entomol. 77:1513-1519.
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Pfeiffer, D.G., Kaakeh, W., Killian, J.C., Lachance, M.W., and Kirsch, P. 1993. Mating disruption for control of damage by codling moth in Virginia apple orchards. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 67:57-64.
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Shorey, H.H., and Gerber, R.G. 1996. Use of puffers for disruption of sex pheromone communication of codling moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in walnut orchards. Environ. Entomol. 25:1398-1400.
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Stelinski, L.L., Gut, L.J., Ketner, K.C., and Miller, J.R. 2005. Orientational disruption of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lep., Tortricidae), by concentrated formulations of microencapsulated pheromone in flight tunnel assays. J. Appl. Entomol. 129
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Stelinski, L.L., Gut, L.J., Pierzchala, A.V., and Miller, J.R. 2004. Field observations quantifying attraction of four tortricid moths to high-dosage pheromone dispensers in untreated and pheromone-treated orchards. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 113:187.
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Van Buskick, P., Hilton, R., Westigard, P., Corelli Grapadelli, L., Janick, J., Sansavini, S., Tagliavini, M., Sugar, D., and Webster, A.D. 2002. Five years of mating disruption in combination with narrow-range petroleum spray oil to control pear pest in
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Walker, K.R., and Welter, S.C. 2001. Potential for outbreaks of leafrollers (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in California apple orchards using mating disruption for codling moth suppression. J. Econ. Entomol. 94:373-380.
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